Researchers have discovered the presence of common groups of genes in individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. If these genes are responsible for these mental illnesses, could gene editing methods like CRISPR-Cas9 be a possible treatment option?
In many respects, the nature of mental illness remains a mystery to medical professionals, despite the progress made in diagnosis and treatment.
In addition to the role that life experiences and early childhood development may play, researchers always suspected that there are some hereditary elements to mental illness. Other research, however, indicates that individual genes might be responsible for certain mental illnesses more than previously thought.
“It was striking to us that we could identify the broad functional overlaps, knowing there is a lot of variability among individuals with mental disorders.” – Sarven Sabunciyan
Understanding and Diagnosing Mental Illness
Researchers at the Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine used RNA sequencing methods to identify the genetic commonalities in the brains of deceased patients diagnosed with three different mental illnesses.
Tissues samples were taken from 157 defunct donors aged between 19 and 68 at the time of death. Ninety-three percent of donors were Caucasian, and 63 percent were male.
Thirty-five percent of those studied suffered from schizophrenia, while 33 percent suffered from bipolar disorder. Their genome was compared to that of a 32-person control group not diagnosed with or afflicted by mental disorders.
Scientists worked on over a hundred sample tissues from the hippocampus region of the brain and 57 samples from the orbitofrontal cortex. They extracted and sequenced the mRNA of the donors, which is the blueprint created by DNA for corresponding protein growth. Afterward, the researchers compared collected RNA sequences with a complete human genome.
The researchers noted that, in the samples from the patients diagnosed with mental illness, mRNA production was either higher or lower than levels seen in patients not suffering from mental illness. Therefore, if the mRNA production imbalance is responsible for these mental illnesses, mRNA production could theoretically be regulated via gene editing in order to treat the diseases.
“There are subtle differences in individual genes, and these differences are enriched in sets of genes involved in specific cell processes in the brain tissue of people with a variety of severe mental disorders,” explains Sarven Sabunciyan, Ph.D., one of the authors of the study.
Sabunciyan continued by adding that “it was striking to us that we could identify the broad functional overlaps, knowing there is a lot of variability among individuals with mental disorders.”
CRISPR-Cas9 Scissors
After identifying similarities among schizophrenic, bipolar and severely depressed patients on the genetic level, could it be possible to treat these mental illnesses on the genetic level?
Genome editing introduces a “working” version of a defective gene into the DNA of an individual, and CRISPR-Cas9 specifically allows the targeting, cutting and replacing of a specific gene.
The study and its findings not only help to deepen our understanding of the complexity of the human genome, but also has the potential to enable better diagnosis and treatment of certain mental disorders.
When will trials start ?
Not sure. This is still illegal in many parts of the world.
Are there any experts who made an estimation as to when this technology will be used?
It’s hard to say as there is still a lot of debate over what CRISPR gene editing should be limited to. There is already the case of the Chinese scientist who illegally genetically engineered two children late last year, but it’s likely that CRISPR gene editing won’t be a widespread treatment (especially for mental illness) for a couple of years.
Just another question.
Do you think these findings could be applied on mental illnesses like gad and other anxiety disorders seeing the wealth of data supporting the fact that they are caused by certain genes?
So this article was written in 2019, Any new news, I’m scouring the internet for anyone who may have a clue to when or if there is progress being made.
UNNATURAL SELECTION,,,it’s a multiparty series on normal people using Crisper and other technologies to create cures in there own home. They have teaching videos and also sell the kits very cheaply. I am not saying do this,,but if you don’t have a few million dollars to spend on a treatment you can make it yourself for a few thousand dollars. That’s an actual quote…watch the series
This news brings a glimmer of hope. A cure! And not just another drug with bad side effects. It brings such hope! I would hope the government lets science advance as quickly as possible to end suffering of so many thousands of families.
This information is very soothing and hopeful. Doing see real testing and confirmation will bring sucour to several families whose loved ones are going through this chro ic and debilitating diseases.
I will surely help introduce this form of treatment to developing countries who do not yet know how to handle them.
Thank you so very much and I will be getting more farmiliarise with the studies as they advance.
Whypublishthisandgetpeople’shopesupwhengeneeditingformentalillnessisunlikelythiscentury?.
Why publish this get people’s hopes up when gene editing for mental illness is not going to happen this century?.
Never say never. Crspr is advancing quickly. I’m hopeful.
John Hopkins print crap
As a caregiver of a mentally ill but high IQ person, I truly believe we should prioritize this research for those with mental illness.
This looks fantastic. Gives me hope of perhaps being able to live a normal life one day.
We should support research into gene therapy for psychiatric disorders much more. I’ve been fighting with OCD, depression and ADHD since my childhood and while medication and psychotherapy helped me survive, they aren’t able to truly cure mental illness (at least the kind of mental illnesses that are caused primarily by genetics, and i’d wager to say that the majority of severe mental disorders, e.g. schizophrenia or many forms of major depression, are).
If we ever want to cure mental illness and give millions of people their lives back, gene therapy is the way to go. Will the first gene therapies be complete cures? Maybe not. But they will hopefully alleviate suffering and the knowledge they gain will help scientists and doctors to improve them.
To truly cure mental disorders we need to repair faulty brain circuitry, and the technology to do it is increasingly there. Gene editing is getting more sophisticated by the year, and tools like optogenetics are increasing our knowledge of the brain and brain disorders at a rapid pace. For thousands of years people with mental illness just had bad luck, but i believe this can change now if we want it to.
To truly cure mental disorders we need to repair faulty brain circuitry, and the technology to do it is increasingly there. Gene editing is getting more sophisticated by the year, and tools like optogenetics are increasing our knowledge of the brain and brain disorders at a rapid pace. For thousands of years people with mental illness just had bad luck, but i believe this can change now if we want it to. There is a cure, we just need to find it.
Sorry, the end of my comment was doubled for some reason.